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1.
Einstein (Säo Paulo) ; 21: eRC0544, 2023. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1520846

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Tailgut cysts are rare congenital lesions that are remnants of the embryonic hindgut. This abnormality presents with non-specific symptoms or no symptoms; therefore, misdiagnosis is common. Here, we present four cases of tailgut cysts that were successfully removed using a robotic surgical approach. A 42-year-old woman with tenesmus, pain in the right gluteal region, and discomfort in the rectal region during evacuation was referred to our medical center. Another patient was a 28-year-old woman who presented with the same symptoms to our general practitioner. Both patients underwent upper abdominal and pelvic magnetic resonance imaging that revealed a tailgut cyst. Further, a 36-year-old woman was referred with coccyx and hypogastric pain. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed two pararectal cystic formations. She underwent robot-assisted surgery, and after analysis by a pathologist, the conclusion was that the tailgut cyst was associated with scarring fibrosis. A 55-year-old woman with posterior epigastric pelvic pain associated with heartburn underwent robot-assisted surgery to resect a retroperitoneal tumor. These cases highlighted the importance of tailgut cysts in the differential diagnosis of rectal lesions. Surgical treatment is preferred because malignant transformations can occur. The difference between laparoscopic and robotic approaches is the better visualization and stability of the latter, inducing less tissue damage. Robotic resection is a safe procedure, especially in patients with a narrow pelvis, because it reduces tissue damage.

2.
Einstein (Säo Paulo) ; 21: eRC0478, 2023. graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1506178

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Roux-en-Y gastric bypass, a procedure proven effective for treating morbid obesity and metabolic disorders, carries the risk of complications such as the formation of internal hernias. These hernias are often difficult to diagnose and can be potentially fatal because they can cause structural obstruction. Most internal hernias occur in the jejunojejunostomy mesentery space, followed by Petersen's space hernias, although herniation at other locations can also occur. Our case report presents an example of a rare internal hernia after laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. A 36-year-old woman presented with an uncommon internal hernia located between the liver and alimentary loop, resulting in the formation of a new space and consequently incarcerating the entire biliopancreatic loop. This type of internal hernia is rare and has not been reported in the literature, indicating that this is the first report of such a case. In this case, we realized that the diagnosis was challenging and imaging examinations could not help determine the etiology of the pain and obstruction. Therefore, videolaparoscopy revealed an uncommon hernia formed by firm adhesion between the hepatic segment III and the alimentary loop mesentery. Our case is an example of an internal hernia that was not detected with a normal computed tomography scan of the abdomen and pelvis. Only diagnostic laparoscopy revealed herniation, effectively preventing further complications for the patient.

3.
ABCD (São Paulo, Online) ; 35: e1673, 2022. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1402866

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Incisional hernia is characterized by a bulging of the abdominal wall caused by the prolapse of intracavitary structures, such as a segment of the small intestine, through the trocar orifice. Ultrasonography and physical examination are used in the diagnosis of incisional hernia. AIMS: This study aimed to evaluate the difference between physical examination and abdominal ultrasonography at the diagnosis of incisional hernia in patients who underwent laparoscopic bariatric surgery. METHODS: A total of 123 patients who underwent Roux-en-Y gastric bypass type bariatric surgery performed by laparoscopy were analyzed for the presence or absence of hernia by physical and ultrasonography examination at each trocar incision site. RESULTS: In our results, a total of 7 hernias were detected by physical examination, while ultrasonography detected a total of 56 hernias in at least one of the incision sites. Lin's concordance analysis showed that the tests are not concordant. The association between body mass index and hernia detection (p=0.04 for physical examination and p=0.052 for ultrasonography) was observed. Ultrasonography detected more incisional hernias in 10-mm or larger trocars than in 5-mm trocars (p<0.0001, p<0.05). No differences were noted among the trocar types that were used. CONCLUSIONS: Abdominal ultrasonography showed to have a higher accuracy than physical examination, resulting in a substantial increase in incisional hernia detection at the trocar sites.


RESUMO RACIONAL: A hérnia incisional é caracterizada por um abaulamento da parede abdominal causada por um prolapso das estruturas intracavitárias, como um segmento do intestino delgado, através de um orifício de trocarte. A ultrassonografia e o exame físico são usados no diagnóstico da hérnia incisional. OBJETIVOS: Avaliar a diferença entre o exame físico e a ultrassonografia abdominal no diagnóstico da hérnia incisional em pacientes submetidos a cirurgia bariátrica por videolaparoscopia. MÉTODOS: O total de 123 pacientes submetidos à cirurgia bariátrica, tipo derivação gástrica em Y de Roux, foram avaliados para a presença ou ausência de hérnia incisional por exame físico e ultrassonografia, nos sítios incisionais de cada trocarte. RESULTADOS: O total de sete hérnias foram detectados por exame físico, enquanto a ultrassonografia detectou um total de 56 hérnias em pelo menos um sítio incisional. A análise de concordância de Lin mostrou que os testes empregados não são concordantes. A associação entre o Índice de Massa Corpórea e a detecção de hérnia foi observada (p=0.04, para exame físico, p=0.052 para ultrassonografia). A ultrassonografia detectou mais hérnias incisionais em trocartes de 10 mm ou mais do que em trocartes de 5 mm (p<0,0001, p<0.05). Não foi observada diferença entre os tipos de trocartes empregados. CONCLUSÕES: A ultrassonografia abdominal demonstrou ter acurácia mais elevada que o exame físico, resultando em um aumento substancial na detecção de hérnia incisional nos locais de inserção dos trocartes.

4.
Rev. cuba. med ; 60(supl.1): e1944, 2021. graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS, CUMED | ID: biblio-1408960

ABSTRACT

Introducción: La dermatomiositis es una inflamación muscular autoinmune con presencia de rash, se manifiesta con debilidad muscular proximal, asociado a complicaciones cardiacas como miocarditis y/o trastornos de la conducción. En algunas ocasiones puede ser la única manifestación clínica de una neoplasia maligna oculta, por lo cual su detección temprana puede tener grandes repercusiones en el pronóstico del tumor oculto. Objetivo: Describir el caso de una paciente con un síndrome paraneoplásico dado por una dermatopolimiositis como presentación inusual de un cáncer de mama. Caso clínico: Se trata de una paciente en quinta década de la vida sin antecedentes personales de importancia, que debuta con una debilidad en miembros superiores de predominio proximal incapacitante, fiebre y elevación importante de la creatinquinasa (CPK), bajo un diagnóstico de una dermatopolimiositis como manifestación principal de un cáncer de mama infiltrante. Conclusiones: La dermatomiositis en mujeres de mediana edad debe hacer sospechar en una patología neoplásica oculta. Lo más importante es descastar el cáncer de mama(AU)


Introduction: Dermatomyositis is an autoimmune muscle inflammation exhibited rash, and proximal muscle weakness, associated with cardiac complications such as myocarditis and / or conduction disorders. In some cases, it can be the only clinical manifestation of hidden malignancy, so its early detection can have great repercussions on the prognosis of the hidden tumor. Objective: To describe the case of a patient with a paraneoplastic syndrome caused by dermatopolymyositis as an unusual presentation of breast cancer. Clinical case report: This is a patient in her fifties with no significant clinical personal history, who had disabling proximal weakness, predominantly in her upper limbs, fever and significant elevation of creatine kinase (CPK), under a diagnosis of dermatopolymyositis as the main manifestation of an infiltrating breast cancer. Conclusions: Dermatomyositis in middle-aged women should make us suspect an occult neoplastic pathology. The most important is to rule out breast cancer(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Middle Aged , Paraneoplastic Syndromes/etiology , Breast Neoplasms/complications , Dermatomyositis/diagnosis
5.
Rev. cuba. med ; 60(supl.1): e1676, 2021. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS, CUMED | ID: biblio-1408956

ABSTRACT

Introducción: La miocardiopatía por estrés o síndrome de Takotsubo está asociado a la reducción de la fracción de eyección, niveles elevados de enzimas cardiacas y signos de isquemia en el electrocardiograma. Sin embargo, en pocas ocasiones trascurre con complicaciones tan importantes como el taponamiento cardiaco, deterioro significativo de la contractilidad y la posibilidad de trombos dentro de la cavidad ventricular. Estas son subestimadas a pesar de poner en riesgo la vida del paciente. Objetivo: Describir el caso de una paciente con miocardiopatía por estrés con taponamiento cardiaco como una complicación inusual. Caso clínico: Paciente en la novena década de la vida con antecedente de hipertensión arterial sistémica primaria y enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica. Presentó dolor precordial con trastornos de la contractilidad de patrón usual correspondiente a la cardiomiopatía de Takotsubo en la que se descartaron otros diagnósticos diferenciales. Conclusiones: El caso presentado de miocardiopatía de Takotsubo asociado a una complicación cardiovascular tan importante e inusual como el taponamiento cardiaco, aporta información sobre esta enfermedad infrecuente en nuestro medio(AU)


Introduction: Stress cardiomyopathy or Takotsubo syndrome is associated with reduced ejection fraction, elevated levels of cardiac enzymes and signs of ischemia on the electrocardiogram. However, it rarely occurs with complications as important as cardiac tamponade, significant deterioration of contractility and the possibility of thrombi within the ventricular cavity. These are underestimated despite putting the patient's life at risk. Objective: To describe the case of a patient with stress cardiomyopathy with cardiac tamponade as an unusual complication. Clinical case report: A case of a female patient in her nineties is reported due to her history of primary systemic arterial hypertension and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. She had chest pain with contractility disorders of the usual pattern corresponding to Takotsubo cardiomyopathy in which other differential diagnoses were ruled out. Conclusions: This case of Takotsubo cardiomyopathy associated with a cardiovascular complication as important and unusual as cardiac tamponade, provides information on this rare disease in our setting(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Aged, 80 and over , Cardiac Tamponade , Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy/complications , Cardiomyopathies/diagnosis , Colombia
6.
Einstein (Säo Paulo) ; 13(3): 426-429, July-Sep. 2015. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-761944

ABSTRACT

Cervical adenitis >1.5cm in diameter is the less frequently observed criteria in patients with Kawasaki disease and it is usually found in association with other symptoms during the acute phase. Moreover, the finding of fever and lymphadenitis with intense local signs of inflammation and phlegmon is rarely seen as the initial manifestation of Kawasaki disease. We report the case of a 7-year-old boy who had cervical lymphadenitis with adjacent cellulitis and phlegmon mimicking bacterial adenitis as the first presentation of Kawasaki disease. The patient had fever, cervical lymphadenitis with adjacent cellulitis, and severe headache. Cefadroxil was prescribed based on the clinical diagnosis of bacterial adenitis. Because he remained febrile and phlogistic signs worsened, after 1 day of hospitalization, antibiotics were administrated intravenously (ceftriaxone and oxacillin). The computed tomography of the neck showed primary infectious/inflammatory process. On the fourth day, the patient had dry and scaly lips, and treatment with oxacillin was replaced by clindamycin because the patient was still febrile. On the ninth day, he presented non-exudative bilateral conjunctival injection. On the tenth day of febrile disease, a rash appeared on his trunk, hands and feet. Patient’s symptoms resolved after intravenous administration of immunoglobulin (2g/kg/dose), and he was discharged 2 days later. On the 14th day, the patient had lamellar desquamation of fingers. Kawasaki disease should be considered as a differential diagnosis in children with febrile cervical lymphadenitis unresponsive to empiric antibiotics even if they have adjacent cellulitis and phlegmon.


Adenite cervical >1,5cm é o critério menos frequentemente observado em pacientes com doença de Kawasaki e manifesta-se habitualmente em associação com os demais sintomas da fase aguda. Entretanto, linfadenite febril isolada com intensos sinais flogísticos e flegmão é raramente observada como primeira manifestação da doença de Kawasaki. Assim, relatou-se aqui um caso de uma criança que apresentou linfadenite cervical com celulite adjacente e flegmão mimetizando adenite bacteriana como primeira manifestação da doença de Kawasaki. Paciente previamente hígido, 7 anos, masculino, iniciou quadro de febre, adenite cervical com celulite adjacente e cefaleia intensa, sendo prescrita cefadroxila devido ao diagnóstico clínico de linfadenite bacteriana. Por se manter febril e com piora dos sinais flogísticos, após 1 dia foi internado para receber antibioticoterapia endovenosa (oxacilina e ceftriaxona). Tomografia computadorizada da região cervical mostrou processo infeccioso/inflamatório primário. No quarto dia, apresentou lábios ressecados e descamativos, sendo a oxacilina substituída por clindamicina devido à persistência da febre e sinais flogísticos. No nono dia, iniciou hiperemia ocular não exsudativa. No décimo dia de febre, apresentou exantema em tronco, membros, mãos e pés. Recebeu gamaglobulina endovenosa (2g/kg/dose), evoluiu com resolução dos sintomas e, após 2 dias, recebeu alta hospitalar. No 14odia, apresentou descamação lamelar dos dedos das mãos. Portanto, doença de Kawasaki deve ser considerada no diagnóstico diferencial das linfadenites cervicais febris na infância não responsivas à antibioticoterapia empírica, mesmo que esteja presentes celulite adjacente e flegmão.


Subject(s)
Child , Humans , Male , Cellulitis/diagnosis , Mucocutaneous Lymph Node Syndrome/diagnosis , Cellulitis/complications , Diagnosis, Differential , Fever/complications , Fever/drug therapy , Immunoglobulins, Intravenous/therapeutic use , Lymphadenitis/diagnosis , Lymphadenitis/drug therapy , Mucocutaneous Lymph Node Syndrome/complications , Mucocutaneous Lymph Node Syndrome/drug therapy
7.
Einstein (Säo Paulo) ; 11(3): 317-323, jul.-set. 2013. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-688635

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: Identificar parâmetros clínicos e ecocardiográficos associados à evolução do canal arterial em recém-nascidos com peso de nascimento <1.500g. MÉTODOS: Estudo retrospectivo de 119 recém-nascidos, no qual foram analisados parâmetros clínicos (pré-natais: idade materna, risco infeccioso e corioamnionite, uso de corticoide, tipo de parto e idade gestacional; perinatais: peso, Apgar, gênero e classificação peso/idade gestacional; pós-natais: surfactante, sepse, oferta hídrica, sopro cardíaco, frequência cardíaca, movimento precordial e pulsos, diurético, índice de oxigenação, queda de saturação/apneia, suporte ventilatório, intolerância alimentar, radiografia de tórax, função renal, instabilidade hemodinâmica e alterações metabólicas); parâmetros ecocardiográficos (diâmetro do canal arterial, relação canal arterial/peso, relação átrio esquerdo/ aorta, diâmetro diastólico ventrículo esquerdo, direção, padrão e velocidade de fluxo pelo canal arterial). Os parâmetros clínicos e ecocardiográficos analisados foram considerados estatisticamente significantes quando p<0,05. RESULTADOS: Nos 119 recém-nascidos, a incidência de canal arterial foi de 61,3%, 56 receberam tratamento (46 medicamentoso e 10 cirúrgico), 11 tiveram fechamento espontâneo, 4 foram a óbito e 2 receberam alta com persistência do canal arterial. Houve maior incidência de corioamnionite, uso de surfactante, menor peso e idade gestacional, sepse, sopro cardíaco, ventilação e piores índices de oxigenação nos recém-nascidos tratados. O grupo com fechamento espontâneo apresentou menor diâmetro do canal arterial, menor relação canal arterial/peso e maior velocidade do fluxo pelo canal arterial. CONCLUSÃO: Com base em parâmetros clínicos e ecocardiográficos, foi possível diferenciar os recém-nascidos com fechamento espontâneo do canal arterial daqueles com necessidade de tratamento.


OBJECTIVE: To identify clinical and echocardiographic parameters associated with the evolution of the ductus arteriosus in neonates with birth weight lower than 1,500g. METHODS: Retrospective study of 119 neonates in which clinical parameters (Prenatal: maternal age, risk of infection and chorioamnionitis, use of corticosteroid, mode of delivery and gestational age. Perinatal: weight, Apgar score, gender and birth weight/gestational age classification; Postnatal: use of surfactant, sepsis, fluid intake, heart murmur, heart rate, precordial movement and pulses, use of diuretics, oxygenation index, desaturation/apnea, ventilatory support, food intolerance, chest radiography, renal function, hemodynamic instability, and metabolic changes) and echocardiographic parameters (ductus arteriosus diameter, ductus arteriosus/weight ratio, left atrium/ aorta ratio, left ventricular diastolic diameter, and transductal flow direction, pattern and velocity) were analyzed. The clinical and echocardiographic parameters analyzed were considered statistically significant when p<0.05. RESULTS: In the 119 neonates, the incidence of patent ductus arteriosus was 61.3%; 56 received treatment (46 pharmacological and 10 surgical treatment), 11 had spontaneous closure, 4 died, and 2 were discharged with patent ductus arteriosus. A higher incidence of chorioamnionitis, use of surfactant, lower weight and gestational age, sepsis, heart murmur, ventilatory support and worse oxygenation indices were observed in the neonates receiving treatment. The group with spontaneous closure had a smaller ductus arteriosus diameter, lower ductus arteriosus/weight ratio, and higher transductal flow velocity. CONCLUSION: Based on clinical and echocardiographic parameters, the neonates with spontaneous closure of the ductus arteriosus could be differentiated from those who required treatment.


Subject(s)
Infant, Newborn , Ductus Arteriosus , Infant, Newborn , Infant, Premature , Permeability
8.
Clinics ; 68(3): 345-350, 2013. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-671425

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: Nasal continuous positive airway pressure is used as a standard of care after extubation in very-low-birth-weight infants. A pressure of 5 cmH2O is usually applied regardless of individual differences in lung compliance. Current methods for evaluation of lung compliance and air distribution in the lungs are thus imprecise for preterm infants. This study used electrical impedance tomography to determine the feasibility of evaluating the positive end-expiratory pressure level associated with a more homogeneous air distribution within the lungs before extubation. METHODS: Ventilation homogeneity was defined by electrical impedance tomography as the ratio of ventilation between dependent and non-dependent lung areas. The best ventilation homogeneity was achieved when this ratio was equal to 1. Just before extubation, decremental expiratory pressure levels were applied (8, 7, 6 and 5 cmH(2)0; 3 minutes each step), and the pressure that determined the best ventilation homogeneity was defined as the best positive end-expiratory pressure. RESULTS: The best positive end-expiratory pressure value was 6.3 ± 1.1 cmH(2)0, and the mean continuous positive airway pressure applied after extubation was 5.2 ± 0.4 cmH(2)0 (p = 0.002). The extubation failure rate was 21.4%. X-Ray and blood gases after extubation were also checked. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates that electrical impedance tomography can be safely and successfully used in patients ready for extubation to suggest the best ventilation homogeneity, which is influenced by the level of expiratory pressure applied. In this feasibility study, the best lung compliance was found with pressure levels higher than the continuous positive airway pressure levels that are usually applied for routine extubation.


Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Male , Airway Extubation/methods , Infant, Very Low Birth Weight/physiology , Positive-Pressure Respiration/methods , Tomography/methods , Electric Impedance , Feasibility Studies , Lung Compliance/physiology , Reference Values , Reproducibility of Results , Treatment Outcome
9.
Einstein (Säo Paulo) ; 9(4)out.-dec. 2011. tab, graf
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-612021

ABSTRACT

Objectives: To evaluate the relations between liver markers (GGT, ALT and AST) and the metabolic syndrome (and its components) in morbidly obese subjects, and to determine the response of these metabolic factors and hepatic enzymes after weight loss induced by Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. Methods: This study was carried out at a university hospital, in Santo André (SP), Brazil. We evaluated 140 morbidly obese subjects aged from 18 to 60 years submitted to a Roux-en-Y gastric bypass, who were followed for a mean period of 8 months. Patients with a history of heavy drinking, type 1 diabetes, and/or liver disease were excluded. Results: Liver markers, most notably GGT, were strongly associated with metabolic abnormalities, mainly hyperglycemia. The prevalence of type 2 diabetes significantly increased with increasing levels of GGT (highest versus lowest quartile GGT: odds ratio 3.89 [95%CI: 1.07-14.17]). Liver markers significantly decreased 8 months after the Roux-en-Y gastric bypass and the reduction of GGT levels were associated with the reduction of glucose levels (Pearson r = 0.286; p = 0.001). Conclusions: Elevated levels of liver markers, principally GGT, in morbidly obese subjects are associated with metabolic abnormalities. In addition to the well-known benefits of bariatric surgery, Roux-en-Y gastric bypass, reduced the levels of liver markers to the normal range.


Objetivos: Avaliar as relações entre os marcadores hepáticos (GGT, ALT e TGO) e a síndrome metabólica (e seus componentes) em indivíduos com obesidade mórbida, e determinar a resposta desses fatores metabólicos e enzimas hepáticas após a perda de peso induzida pelo bypass gástrico em Y-de-Roux. Métodos: Estudo realizado em um hospital universitário, localizado em Santo André (SP). Foram avaliados 140 indivíduos com obesidade mórbida, entre 18 e 60 anos de idade, submetidos ao bypass gástrico em Y-de-Roux, acompanhados por um período médio de 8 meses. Pacientes com história de alcoolismo pesado, diabetes tipo 1 e/ou doença hepática foram excluídos. Resultados: Os marcadores hepáticos, principalmente GGT, foram fortemente associados a alterações metabólicas, principalmente hiperglicemia. A prevalência de diabetes tipo 2 aumentou significativamente com a elevação dos níveis de GGT [quartil superior versus inferior: odds ratio 3,89 (IC95%: 1,07-14,17)]. Os marcadores hepáticos diminuíram significativamente 8 meses após o bypass em Y-de-Roux e a redução dos níveis de GGT estava associada à redução dos níveis de glicose (Pearson r = 0,286; p = 0,001). Conclusões: Níveis elevados de marcadores hepáticos, principalmente GGT, em pacientes com obesidade mórbida, estavam associados a alterações metabólicas. Além dos já conhecidos benefícios da cirurgia bariátrica, o bypass gástrico em Y-de-Roux reduziu os níveis dos marcadores hepáticos a valores normais.


Subject(s)
Anastomosis, Roux-en-Y , Metabolic Syndrome , Biomarkers , Obesity, Morbid
10.
J. pediatr. (Rio J.) ; 87(6): 499-504, nov.-dez. 2011. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-623443

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: Avaliar a eficácia e segurança da pressão positiva contínua na via aérea (CPAP) utilizando aparelhos de fluxo variável e fluxo contínuo em selo d'água, quanto a falha do CPAP, ocorrência de escape de ar, tempo de uso de CPAP e de oxigênio e tempo de internação em unidade de terapia intensiva e hospitalar em neonatos com desconforto respiratório (DR) moderado e peso de nascimento (PN) > 1.500 g. MÉTODOS: Quarenta recém-nascidos que necessitavam de CPAP foram randomizados em dois grupos: um grupo tratado com fluxo variável (FV) e outro com fluxo contínuo (FC). O estudo foi realizado entre outubro de 2008 e abril de 2010. Foram registrados dados demográficos, falha do CPAP, ocorrência de escape de ar, tempo de uso de CPAP e de oxigênio, entre outros. Os desfechos categóricos foram analisados com o teste do qui-quadrado ou exato de Fisher e as variáveis contínuas com o teste de Mann-Whitney, com significância de p < 0,05. RESULTADOS: Não houve diferença quanto aos dados demográficos, falha do CPAP (21,1 e 20,0% para o FV e o FC, respectivamente; p = 1,000), síndrome de escape de ar (10,5 e 5,0%, respectivamente; p = 0,605), tempo de CPAP [mediana: 22,0 h, intervalo interquartil (IIQ): 8,00-31,00 h e mediana: 22,0 h, IIQ: 6,00-32,00 h, respectivamente; p = 0,822), e tempo de uso de oxigênio (mediana: 24,00 h, IIQ:7,00-85,00 h e mediana: 21,00 h, IIQ:9,50-66,75 h, respectivamente; p = 0,779). CONCLUSÃO: Em recém-nascidos com PN > 1.500 g e DR moderado, o CPAP nasal com fluxo contínuo apresentou os mesmos benefícios do CPAP nasal com fluxo variável.


OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of nasal continuous positive airway pressure (NCPAP) using devices with variable flow or bubble continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) regarding CPAP failure, presence of air leaks, total CPAP and oxygen time, and length of intensive care unit and hospital stay in neonates with moderate respiratory distress (RD) and birth weight (BW) > 1,500 g. METHODS: Forty newborns requiring NCPAP were randomized into two study groups: variable flow group (VF) and continuous flow group (CF). The study was conducted between October 2008 and April 2010. Demographic data, CPAP failure, presence of air leaks, and total CPAP and oxygen time were recorded. Categorical outcomes were tested using the chi-square test or the Fisher's exact test. Continuous variables were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney test. The level of significance was set at p < 0.05. RESULTS: There were no differences between the groups with regard to demographic data, CPAP failure (21.1 and 20.0% for VF and CF, respectively; p = 1.000), air leak syndrome (10.5 and 5.0%, respectively; p = 0.605), total CPAP time (median: 22.0 h, interquartile range [IQR]: 8.00-31.00 h and median: 22.0 h, IQR: 6.00-32.00 h, respectively; p = 0.822), and total oxygen time (median: 24.00 h, IQR: 7.00-85.00 h and median: 21.00 h, IQR: 9.50-66.75 h, respectively; p = 0.779). CONCLUSION: In newborns with BW > 1,500 g and moderate RD, the use of continuous flow NCPAP showed the same benefits as the use of variable flow NCPAP.


Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Male , Continuous Positive Airway Pressure/adverse effects , Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Newborn/therapy , Birth Weight/physiology , Chi-Square Distribution , Continuous Positive Airway Pressure/instrumentation , Continuous Positive Airway Pressure/methods , Statistics, Nonparametric
11.
Einstein (Säo Paulo) ; 9(3)july-sept. 2011. tab, graf
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-604950

ABSTRACT

Objective: Considering that the Cockcroft-Gault formula and the equation of diet modification in renal disease are amply used in clinical practice to estimate the glomerular filtration rate, although they seem to have low accuracy in obese patients, the present study intends to evaluate the predictive performance of 12 equations used to estimate the glomerular filtration rate in obese patients. Methods: This is a cross-sectional retrospective study, conducted between 2007 and 2008 and carried out at a university, of 140 patients with severe obesity (mean body mass index 44 ± 4.4 kg/m2). The glomerular filtration rate was determined by means of 24-hour urine samples. Patients were classified into one or more of the four subgroups: impaired glucose tolerance (n = 43), diabetic (n = 24), metabolic syndrome (n = 76), and/or hypertension (n = 66). We used bias, precision, and accuracy to assess the predictive performance of each equation in the entire group and in the subgroups. Results: In renal disease, Cockcroft-Gault's formula and the diet modification equation are not precise in severelyobese patients (precision: 40.9 and 33.4, respectively). Sobh's equation showed no bias in the general group or in two subgroups. Salazar- Corcoran's and Sobh's equations showed no bias for the entire group (Bias: -5.2, 95% confidence interval (CI) = -11.4, 1.0, and 6. 2; 95%CI = -0.3, 12.7, respectively). All the other equations were imprecise for the entire group. Conclusion: Of the equations studied, those of Sobh and Salazar-Corcoran seem to be the best for estimating the glomerular filtration rate in severely obese patients analyzed in our study.


Objetivo: Considerando que a fórmula de Cockcroft-Gault e a equação de modificação da dieta em doença renal são amplamente utilizadas na prática clínica para estimar a taxa de filtração glomerular, de aparente baixa acurácia em pacientes obesos, o presente estudo procura avaliar o desempenho preditivo de 12 equações utilizadas para estimar a taxa de filtração glomerular em pacientes obesos. Métodos: Estudo transversal, retrospectivo, realizado entre 2007 e 2008 em uma universidade, com 140 pacientes com obesidade grave (índice de massa corpórea médio de 44 ± 4,4 kg/m2). A taxa de filtração glomerular foi determinada por meio de amostras de urina de 24 horas. Os pacientes foram classificados em um ou mais dos quatro subgrupos: intolerância à glicose (n = 43), diabéticos (n = 24), síndrome metabólica (n = 76) e/ou hipertensos (n = 66). Viés, precisão e acurácia foram usados para avaliar o desempenho preditivo de cada equação no grupo como um todo e nos subgrupos. Resultados: A fórmula de Cockcroft-Gault e a equação de modificação da dieta em doença renal são imprecisas em pacientes gravemente obesos (precisão de 40,9 e 33,4, respectivamente). A equação de Sobh não apresentou viés no grupo geral e em dois subgrupos. As equações de Salazar- Corcoran e Sobh não apresentaram viés em todo o grupo (viés: -5,2, intervalo de confiança (IC) 95% = -11,4, 1,0 e 6,2; IC95% = -0,3, 12.7, respectivamente). Todas as outras equações foram imprecisas no grupo como um todo. Conclusão: Das equações estudadas, a de Sobh e a de Salazar-Corcoran parecem ser as melhores para estimar a taxa de filtração glomerular em pacientes gravemente obesos analisados no estudo.


Subject(s)
Creatinine , Glomerular Filtration Rate , Kidney , Obesity , Weight Loss
12.
RFO UPF ; 16(1)jan.-abr. 2011.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-593685

ABSTRACT

Introdução: O cisto periodontal lateral é um tipo de cisto odontogênico, de etiologia desconhecida, cuja prevalência na população não é frequente. Essa lesão ocorre geralmente na região de pré-molares inferiores, é assintomática e, em alguns casos, ocasiona expansão da cortical óssea. Radiograficamente, apresenta radio-lucidez unilocular bem definida. Objetivo e relato de caso: Este estudo tem por objetivo relatar o caso de um paciente do gênero masculino, 44 anos de idade, que procurou atendimento com queixa de aumento de volume associado a desconforto na região do segundo pré-molar inferior direito. Após criterioso processo de diagnóstico, procedeu-se à excisão cirúrgica e o exame microscópico revelou se tratar de cisto periodontal lateral, conforme a hipótese de diagnóstico clínico prévia. Considerações finais: Esse relato de caso clínico discute a importância da utilização de um protocolo de diagnóstico diferencial para estabelecer a conduta terapêutica adequada ao paciente.

13.
Arq. bras. endocrinol. metab ; 55(1): 38-45, Feb. 2011. graf, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-580293

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the study was to investigate the prevalence of hyperuricemia in morbidly obese subjects before and after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGBP) and its relationship with metabolic syndrome abnormalities. SUBJECTS AND METHOD: We evaluated 420 morbidly obese patients. Pre and postoperative (8 months after RYGBP) blood samples were drawn. Obese patients underwent laparoscopic RYGBP and after eight months all the tests were repeated. RESULTS: The overall prevalence of hyperuricemia was 34.28 percent. Hyperuricemia was more common in men than in women (51.72 vs. 29.72 percent; p = 0.0002). Men with hyperuricemia were more likely to have diabetes (p = 0.034) and more elevated fasting plasma glucose levels (p = 0.027). Women with hyperuricemia were more likely to have hypertension (p = 0.003), metabolic syndrome (p = 0.001), elevated triglycerides (p = 0.001) and GGT (p = 0.009), and decreased HDL (p = 0.011). After surgery, uric acid levels decreased from 5.60 ± 1.28 to 4.23 ± 1.20 (p < 0.0001). The prevalence of hyperuricemia decreased from 33.6 percent to 6.4 percent (p < 0.0001), in men from 48.3 percent to 17.2 percent (p < 0.0001) and in women from 29.7 percent to 3.6 percent (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSION: Concentrations of uric acid were associated with the prevalence of metabolic abnormalities in this sample of morbidly obese patients. Also, weight loss after RYGBP can reduce uric acid levels and the prevalence of hyperuricemia.


OBJETIVO: O objetivo do estudo foi investigar a prevalência de hiperuricemia em pacientes obesos mórbidos antes e após o bypass gástrico com reconstrução em Y-de-Roux (RYGBP) e sua relação com anormalidades da síndrome metabólica. SUJEITOS E MÉTODOS: Foram avaliados 420 pacientes com obesidade mórbida. Amostras de sangue pré e pós-operatório (8 meses após RYGBP) foram obtidas. Os pacientes obesos foram submetidos a RYGBP laparoscópica e após oito meses todos os testes foram repetidos. RESULTADOS: A prevalência de hiperuricemia foi 34,28 por cento. A hiperuricemia foi mais comum em homens do que em mulheres (51,72 vs. 29,72 por cento, p = 0,0002). Homens com hiperuricemia foram mais propensos a ter diabetes (p = 0,034) e tinham níveis mais elevados de glicemia de jejum (p = 0,027). Mulheres com hiperuricemia foram mais propensas a ter hipertensão arterial (p = 0,003), síndrome metabólica (p = 0,001), triglicérides elevado (p = 0,001) e GGT (p = 0,009) e diminuição de HDL (p = 0,011). Após a cirurgia, os níveis de ácido úrico diminuíram de 5,60 ± 1,28 para 4,23 ± 1,20 (p < 0,0001). A prevalência de hiperuricemia diminuiu 33,6 por cento para 6,4 por cento (p < 0,0001), em homens de 48,3 por cento para 17,2 por cento (p < 0,0001) e nas mulheres de 29,7 por cento para 3,6 por cento (p < 0,0001). CONCLUSÃO: As concentrações de ácido úrico foram associadas com a prevalência de anormalidades metabólicas nesta amostra de pacientes com obesidade mórbida. Além disso, a perda de peso após RYGBP pode reduzir os níveis de ácido úrico e a prevalência de hiperuricemia.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Gastric Bypass , Hyperuricemia/epidemiology , Metabolic Syndrome/blood , Obesity, Morbid/surgery , Uric Acid/blood , Epidemiologic Methods , Metabolic Syndrome/epidemiology , Obesity, Morbid/blood , Postoperative Period , Preoperative Period , Sex Distribution , Weight Loss/physiology
14.
Arq. bras. endocrinol. metab ; 53(6): 747-754, ago. 2009. graf, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-529953

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate whether biochemical parameters are associated with a good glycemic control and to identify the occurrence of cardiometabolic risk variables. MATERIAL AND METHODS: One hundred forty Brazilians were evaluated. The subjects were characterized with regard to glycemic control as good, fair and poor and were divided into tertiles by TG and HbA1c. We use the ROC curve to determine which variables were predicted of poor glycemic control and the factor analyses to identify the domains that segregated among the risk variables. RESULTS: Fasting glucose and insulin levels, TG level, VLDL-C and HOMA-IR increased significantly across HbA1c tertiles. The best marker for identification of poor glycemic control was triglycerides. The presence of cardiometabolic abnormalities did not alter the glycemic control, but HOMA-IR was significantly higher in subjects with abnormalities. CONCLUSION: The use of TG levels offers a reasonable degree of clinical utility. In morbidly obese subjects insulin resistance is associated with individual cardiometabolic factors.


OBJETIVOS: Avaliar o quanto os lipídios plasmáticos, o IMC e a glicemia de jejum estão associados com um bom controle glicêmico e identificar a ocorrência de variáveis do risco cardiometabólico. MÉTODO: Cento e quarenta brasileiros foram avaliados. Os pacientes foram caracterizados, de acordo com o controle glicêmico, como tendo bom controle, moderado controle e controle ruim e foram divididos em tercis de TG e HbA1c. Utilizou-se a curva ROC para determinar quais variáveis predizem um controle glicêmico inadequado e a análise fatorial para identificar os domínios que segregam as diferentes variáveis. RESULTADOS: A glicemia de jejum e os níveis de insulina, os níveis de TG, VLDL-C e HOMA-IR aumentaram significativamente de acordo com os tercis de HbA1c. O melhor marcador para identificação de indivíduos com um controle glicêmico ruim foi o triglicérides. A presença de anormalidades cardiometabólicas não alterou significativamente o controle glicêmico, mas o HOMA-IR foi significativamente maior nestes indivíduos. CONCLUSÃO: O uso dos níveis de TG oferece uma boa utilidade clínica. Em pacientes obesos mórbidos, a resistência à insulina esta associada com fatores de risco cardiometabólico.


Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Blood Glucose/analysis , Insulin/blood , Lipids/blood , Metabolic Syndrome/blood , Obesity, Morbid/blood , Analysis of Variance , Body Mass Index , Biomarkers/blood , Cardiovascular Diseases/etiology , Cholesterol, VLDL/blood , Fasting/blood , Homeostasis , Metabolic Syndrome/etiology , Obesity, Morbid/complications , Risk Factors , ROC Curve , Triglycerides/blood
15.
Rev. Col. Bras. Cir ; 35(6): 392-396, nov.-dic. 2008. graf, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-506252

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: Avaliar as concentrações pré e pós-operatória da gastrina sérica, hormônio fundamental na produção do ácido clorídrico gástrico, correlacionando-as com as complicações cloridropépticas pós-cirúrgicas, em pacientes submetidos à gastroplastia vertical com banda e reconstrução em Y de Roux (GVBYR). MÉTODO: Foram incluídos neste estudo, 20 pacientes com Índice de Massa Corpórea (IMC) superior a 40 Kg/m² selecionados após rigorosa avaliação psicológica. A dosagem da gastrina foi realizada no pré e no pós-operatório. Neste mesmo período todos os pacientes forma também submetidos a exame endoscópico com biópsia para estudo histopatológico. RESULTADOS: As quantidades de gastrina produzidas antes e após o tratamento cirúrgico não diferiram significativamente (p= 0,4281). Nenhum paciente apresentou alteração endoscópica ou histológica até o 2º mês de pós-operatório. CONCLUSÃO: Após a realização da GVBYR ocorre uma adaptação do tubo digestivo, de modo a manter a sua fisiologia, conduzindo-nos à convicção da segurança dessa técnica no tratamento da obesidade mórbida.


BACKGROUND: This present study shows the preoperative and postoperative serum gastric, a fundamental hormone in the production of gastric chloridric acid, correlating these findings with postoperative complications, in patients submitted to GVBYR. METHODS: We selected 20 patients with body mass index (BMI) over 40 Kg/m² after a rigorous psychological evaluation. Serum gatrin was measured in the preoperative and postoperative periods. These patients were also submitted to upper gastrointestinal endoscopy with biopsy for histological analysis. RESULTS: There was no statistically significant difference between preoperative and postoperative serum gastrin (p= 0.4281). CONCLUSION: Our results show that GVBYR leads to a digestive tract adaptation after surgery, in order to maintain its physiology, suggesting that this procedure is safe for the treatment of morbid obesity. Key-words: morbid obesity*, gastric bypass*, gastrin*.

16.
Rev. paul. pediatr ; 26(4): 378-382, dez. 2008. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-507603

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: Descrever a evolução de recém-nascidos com diagnóstico de hérnia diafragmática congênita admitidos na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal de um hospital privado de nível terciário, no qual aplicou-se uma estratégia ventilatória protetora. Métodos: Coorte histórica com análise de prontuários de pacientes portadores de hérnia diafragmática congênita, admitidos de junho de 2001 a julho de 2006. Avaliaram-se dados referentes ao recém-nascido (índices prognósticos antenatais, peso ao nascimento, idade gestacional, sexo), dados da reanimação e estabililização pré-operatória, cuidados pós-operatórios e taxa de sobrevida. Resultados: Oito neonatos tiveram diagnóstico de hérnia diafragmática congênita. O peso variou entre 2,38 e 3,45kg e a idade gestacional, entre 36 e 39 semanas; cinco deles eram do sexo masculino. Todos foram intubados em sala de parto até o final do primeiro minuto de vida. A correção cirúrgica ocorreu entre o segundo e o sexto dias de vida e, em quatro pacientes, houve necessidade do uso de patch. Uma estratégia ventilatória protetora foi utilizada em seis neonatos, com dados gasométricos visando PaO2 pré-ductal normal e tolerando-se hipercapnia (PaCO2 50 a 60mmHg). A extubação ocorreu entre o primeiro e o 12o dias do pós-operatório, com exceção de um paciente. Seis recém-nascidos receberam alta, em média, com 30 dias de vida (19 a 55 dias). A sobrevida foi de 75%. Conclusões: A sistematização do cuidado de pacientes com hérnia diafragmática congênita pode garantir, em nosso meio, uma sobrevida comparável aos principais centros mundiais que lidam com a doença.


AbstractObjective: To describe the clinical evolution of newborns with congenital diaphragmatic hernia admitted to neoretal Intensive Care Unit of a tertiary private hospital and treated with a gentle ventilatory approach. Methods: Analysis of charts of patients born between June 2001 and July 2006. The following data were collected: birth weight, gestational age, sex, delivery room procedures, pre and post-surgery parameters and survival rate. Results: Eight newborns with diagnosis of congenital diaphragmatic hernia were included. They presented birth weight from 2.38 to 3.45kg, gestational age between 36 and 39 weeks; five of them were males. All infants were intubated at delivery within the first minute of life. The surgery was performed between the 2nd and the 6th days of life, and a patch was needed in four patients. A ôgentleõ ventilation strategy was used in six infants, targeting normal pre-ductal PaO2 and allowing hypercapnia (PaCO2 between 50 and 60mmHg). The extubation occurred between the 1st and 12th day after surgery, except for one infant who died. Six newborns were discharged with an average post-natal age of 30 days (19 to 55 days). The survival rate was 75%. Conclusions: The systematic care of infants with diagnosis of congenital diaphragmatic hernia can assure a survival rate comparable to reference centers.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant, Newborn , Hernia, Diaphragmatic/congenital , Hernia, Diaphragmatic/therapy , Respiration, Artificial , Intensive Care Units, Neonatal
17.
Clinics ; 63(2): 237-244, 2008. graf, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-481054

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Studies comparing high frequency oscillatory and conventional ventilation in acute respiratory distress syndrome have used low values of positive end-expiratory pressure and identified a need for better recruitment and pulmonary stability with high frequency. OBJECTIVE: To compare conventional and high frequency ventilation using the lower inflection point of the pressure-volume curve as the determinant of positive end-expiratory pressure to obtain similar levels of recruitment and alveolar stability. METHODS: After lung lavage of adult rabbits and lower inflection point determination, two groups were randomized: conventional (positive end-expiratory pressure = lower inflection point; tidal volume=6 ml/kg) and high frequency ventilation (mean airway pressures= lower inflection point +4 cmH2O). Blood gas and hemodynamic data were recorded over 4 h. After sacrifice, protein analysis from lung lavage and histologic evaluation were performed. RESULTS: The oxygenation parameters, protein and histological data were similar, except for the fact that significantly more normal alveoli were observed upon protective ventilation. High frequency ventilation led to lower PaCO2 levels. DISCUSSION: Determination of the lower inflection point of the pressure-volume curve is important for setting the minimum end expiratory pressure needed to keep the airways opened. This is useful when comparing different strategies to treat severe respiratory insufficiency, optimizing conventional ventilation, improving oxygenation and reducing lung injury. CONCLUSIONS: Utilization of the lower inflection point of the pressure-volume curve in the ventilation strategies considered in this study resulted in comparable efficacy with regards to oxygenation and hemodynamics, a high PaCO2 level and a lower pH. In addition, a greater number of normal alveoli were found after protective conventional ventilation in an animal model of acute respiratory distress syndrome.


Subject(s)
Animals , Rabbits , Disease Models, Animal , High-Frequency Ventilation , Positive-Pressure Respiration/methods , Respiratory Distress Syndrome , Analysis of Variance , Blood Gas Analysis , Bronchoalveolar Lavage , Chi-Square Distribution , High-Frequency Ventilation/adverse effects , Lung Compliance , Lung/pathology , Positive-Pressure Respiration/adverse effects , Random Allocation , Respiratory Distress Syndrome/pathology , Respiratory Distress Syndrome/physiopathology , Respiratory Distress Syndrome/therapy , Time Factors , Tidal Volume/physiology
18.
Rev. bras. ortop ; 40(3): 89-97, mar. 2005. ilus, tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-412987

ABSTRACT

O objetivo do presente trabalho é analisar os fatores que interferem no tempo de cicatrização das úlceras plantares tratadas com gesso de contato total (GCT), em pés neuropáticos de pacientes diabéticos. São estudados 32 pacientes diabéticos com úlceras graus I e II da classificação de Wagner, acompanhados por um período de dois anos. Os pacientes são diabéticos em média há 14,4 anos; 12,5 por cento são insulino-dependentes e 87,5 por cento diabéticos não insulino-dependentes. São tratados pelo método do GCT em sua forma fechada ou aberta, obtendo-se a cicatrização de todas as úlceras em um prazo médio de 46,3 dias. As variáveis analisadas são agrupadas em categóricas (sexo, lateralidade, dependência de in- sulina, localização da úlcera no pé, uso do gesso em sua for- ma fechada ou aberta e grau da úlcera) e quantitativas (idade, tempo de doença, tempo de duração e tamanho da úlcera). Os autores concluem que a única variável que interfere com o tempo de cicatrização é o tamanho da úlcera e que por meio de um modelo matemático ajustado pode-se estimar o tempo de cicatrização da mesma a partir do seu tamanho


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Calcium Sulfate , Wound Healing , Diabetic Foot/therapy , Diabetes Mellitus , Foot Ulcer/therapy
19.
Pediatria (Säo Paulo) ; 27(1): 38-47, 2005. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-404472

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: revisar o perfil das infecções estafilocócicas adquiridas nas unidades de terapia intensiva neonatais. Fontes pesquisadas: bases de dados MEDLINE E LILACS do período de 2000 a 2004, utilizando os termos: Staphylococcus aureus, Coagulase-negative Staphylococcus, newborn infant, nosocomial infection, antimicrobial resistance. Síntese dos dados: os estafilococos aureus, e coagulase negativos...


Subject(s)
Humans , Infant, Newborn , Intensive Care Units , Cross Infection/diagnosis , Staphylococcal Infections/diagnosis , Staphylococcus aureus/pathogenicity
20.
Pediatria (Säo Paulo) ; 20(2): 93-8, abr.-jun. 1998. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-224973

ABSTRACT

O diagnostico e o tratamento precoce sao fatores determinantes da mortalidade associada a candidiase sistemica, particularmente no periodo neonatal. Este estudo relata os resultados obtidos na UTI do bercario anexo a maternidade do HC-FMUSP, apos instituicao de triagem para candidiase - com base em coletas urinarias semanais, com realizacao de micologico direto e cultura - em RN de risco. Os dados obtidos foram tambem comparados aos de estudo realizado anteriormente ao inicio do rastreamento, acompanhado de revisao da literatura. Observou-se uma tendencia a reducao da mortalidade neonatal associada a candidiase sistemica. Com base nesses resultados, os autores recomendam a realizacao de rastreamento para deteccao precoce de quadros fungicos em unidades neonatais de alto risco


Subject(s)
Humans , Infant, Newborn , Candidiasis/diagnosis , Infant Mortality , Intensive Care Units, Neonatal , Amphotericin B/administration & dosage , Amphotericin B/adverse effects , Amphotericin B/therapeutic use , Candidiasis/mortality , Candidiasis/therapy , Candidiasis/urine , Infant, Low Birth Weight , Outcome Assessment, Health Care , Risk Factors
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